Definition of Terms
Nutrition
The science or process of taking in and utilizing foods. How food is produced, handled, sold and eaten. It also concerned with what happens to food in the body. ex: digestion and absorption
Diet
Kinds of food on which a person or a group lives.
Balanced Diet
One which contain a variety of food in such quantities and proportions that the need of energy, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and others nutritions that adequately met.
Unbalanced diet
Diet which is either inappropriate types of food or of inadequate amounts. Unbalanced diet can cause problems to body tissue growth, development and may also affect brain and nervous function as well as bone and muscle systems.
organic and inorganic complexes contained in food. It is divided into :-
ex: proteins, fats, and carbohydates (proximate principles). They form main bulk of food and contribute total energy intake in ;
proteins - 7 to 15%
fats - 10 to 30%
carbohydates - 65 to 80%
b) Micronutrients
ex: vitamins and minerals. They acquired in small amounts vary from milligrams to several grams.
Macro nutrients | Micro nutrients |
Consumed in large amounts (many g/day) | Less than 1g/day |
Degraded by digestion | Can’t be made by body |
Provide energy | Do not provide energy |
Enzymes are protein | Co-enzyme and catalyst |
Structural elements of cells | Structural function limited ; mainly for calcium and phosphorous in bones |
Nutritional Status
The physiological state of an individual in terms :
-relationship between nutrient intake and requirements
-body's ability to digest, absorb and use these nutrients
Nutritional Assessment
It is a comprehensive evaluation done to define a person's nutrition status. It includes taking patients medical history, dietary history, physical examination, anthropometric measurement and laboratory tests.
Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA) also Reference Dieary Intakes(RDI)
It is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement(approximately 98%) healthy individuals.
Malnutrition
It indicates a bad nutritional status. Divided into :-
a) under-nutrition : pathological status resulting when nutrient intake does not meet the nutrient needed for cell activities and body maintenance. Maybe micro or macronutrients deficiency.
b)over-nutrition : pathological status when nutritional intake exceed body needs leading to calorie excess.
illnesses caused by improper nutrient consumption
Too litle | Too much |
-Protein energy malnutrition -anaemia(iron deficiency) -osteoporosis(calcium def) -goitre(iodine def) -xeropthalmia(vit A def) -beri beri(vit B def) -scurvy(vit c def) Rickets(vit D def) | -Stroke -heart/arterial disease -cancers -obesity -diabetes mellitus -gallstones -dental caries -gout |
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