Direct Method of Nutritional Assessment
-deal with the individual and measure objective criteria
1. Anthropometric methods
2. Clinical methods
3. Dietary valuation method
4. Biochemical laboratory method
Indirect Method of Nutritional Assessment
1. Ecological varies including crop production
2. Economic factor ex : per capita income, population density, social habit
3. Vital health statistics particularly infant & under 5 mortality & fertility index
Anthropometric Methods
- Mid arm circumerence
- skin fold thickness
- head circumference
- head/chest ratio
- hip/waist ratio
Measurement for adults
height measurement
stand on stadiometer with movable head piece. Recorded to nearest 0.5cm.
use calibrated electronic or balance beam scale. Read to nearest 100gm
Nutritional Indices in Adult
- is body mass index(BMI) = weihgt(kg)/ Height(m2)
- high BMI (obesity level) associated with type 2 diabetes & high risk cardivascular morbidity and mortality
BMI | Weight status |
Below 18.5 | Underweight |
18.5 – 24.9 | Normal |
25.0 – 29.9 | Overweight |
30.0 and above | obese |
Waist Circumference
- measure at the level umbilicus to nearest 0.5cm taht should be taken under normal expiration.
- level 2 denotes obesit
MALES | FEMALES | |
LEVEL 1 | <94cm | <80cm |
LEVEL 2 | >102cm | >88cm |
Hip Circumference
- measure around hip and buttocks to nearest 0.5cm without indenting soft skin.
- high risk to indicates upper body obesity are
interpretation waist/hip ratio
male = >0.95
female = >0.80
Dietary Assessment
1. 24 hours Dietary Recall
2. Food Frequency Questionnaire
3. Dietary History
4. Food Dietary
5. Observed food comsumption
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